Among early peoples navigators and discoverers, were Greeks, Phoenicians, Vikings, and Chinese, but I want to speak today about the expeditions that were not Spanish but Portuguese and since the fifteenth century, discovered the nearby Atlantic Ocean.
In the year 1415 during the reign of John I of Portugal, his son Prince Henry the Navigator conquered Ceuta, At that time began the Portuguese idea of discovering the world. In the southern tip of Portugal, in the Cape St Vincent, the Prince Henry founded the school of Sagres, a meeting point for geographers and navigators where were characters like the Mallorquin cartographer Jefuda Cresques, Amerigo Vespucci or Columbus.
DO IPAAR Castelo de Sagres. Símbolo dos descobrime
In 1418 Gonzalez Joao Zarco and Vaz Teixeira Tristao furnished a ship, arrived on the island of Porto Santo and the following year along with Bartolomeu Perestrello they reached Madeira.
Between 1424 and 1433 the Prince Henry dispatched thirty expeditions to Africa.
Cape Bojador (26 º 07 'N) in the African continent at the eight of the Canary Islands was discovered by Gil Eanes who could not surpass it until the following year along with Afonso Gonçalves Baldayo.
Beyond Cape Bojador, the sailors and cartografers of the Sagres school hoped to turn east to circumnavigate Africa, ignorant the immense dimensions of the continent, who would have thought that they not had reached, the "Cabo Tormentosos" or of Good Hope, at the southern tip of the continent, until 1487.
Santa Maria, the island of the Azores closest to Portugal was discovered by Diego de Silva in 1427, Sao Miguel the largest of the archipelago was discovered by Gonçalo Velho Cabral in 1432, and the outlying islands of Flores and Corvo would not be discovered until 1452 by Diogo de Tieves.
Antao Gonçales and Nuño Tristao arrived at White cape (21 ° N) in 1441, in a second trip reached Cape Verde and Rio de Oro, the Portuguese expedition brought Indians who had been taken captive in previous trips and exchanged them for slaves and gold dust. This is the origin of the river name.
In 1444 a fleet of six caravels went to sea, commanded by Lanzarote with Nuño Tristan and Gonzalo Sintra reached the islands of Tider and Noar, with orders to find slaves and goods for trade.
In 1445 an expedition commanded by González de Cintra reached beyond Rio de Oro. but when they approached near the banks, the caravel stay dry and the crew were killed by coast tribes.
Antonio de Noli, an Italian who emigrated to Portugal discovered some of the Cape Verde islands, and established a factory in Santiago. Cape Verde Islands also were explored by Diogo Gomes, Vicente Dias and Alvise Cadamosto. In 1446 Alvaro Fernandes arrived in Sierra Leone.
Beyond Cape Bojador, the sailors and cartografers of the Sagres school hoped to turn east to circumnavigate Africa, ignorant the immense dimensions of the continent, who would have thought that they not had reached, the "Cabo Tormentosos" or of Good Hope, at the southern tip of the continent, until 1487.
Santa Maria, the island of the Azores closest to Portugal was discovered by Diego de Silva in 1427, Sao Miguel the largest of the archipelago was discovered by Gonçalo Velho Cabral in 1432, and the outlying islands of Flores and Corvo would not be discovered until 1452 by Diogo de Tieves.
Antao Gonçales and Nuño Tristao arrived at White cape (21 ° N) in 1441, in a second trip reached Cape Verde and Rio de Oro, the Portuguese expedition brought Indians who had been taken captive in previous trips and exchanged them for slaves and gold dust. This is the origin of the river name.
In 1444 a fleet of six caravels went to sea, commanded by Lanzarote with Nuño Tristan and Gonzalo Sintra reached the islands of Tider and Noar, with orders to find slaves and goods for trade.
In 1445 an expedition commanded by González de Cintra reached beyond Rio de Oro. but when they approached near the banks, the caravel stay dry and the crew were killed by coast tribes.
Antonio de Noli, an Italian who emigrated to Portugal discovered some of the Cape Verde islands, and established a factory in Santiago. Cape Verde Islands also were explored by Diogo Gomes, Vicente Dias and Alvise Cadamosto. In 1446 Alvaro Fernandes arrived in Sierra Leone.
Infante Dom Enrique
In 1460 Prince Henry the navigator died and the explorations decreased for the rest of the reign of King Alfonso.
In 1470 and 1471 Joao de Santarem and Pero Escobar came to the Gulf of Guinea.
Ruy de Sequeira crossed the Ecuador in 1471, and the German cartographer Martin Behaim, serving the Portuguese crown, swept the coast of Africa to draw new maps of the continent.
In 1472 Fernao do Poo arrived in Guinea and visit the island of Bioko.
Since 1481, King Alfonso died, his successor John II continues the expeditions, Diego Acambaya and Diogo Cao traveled along the coast of Guinea to the Congo.
Diogo Cao in 1482 sailed up the Congo river to the first cataract.
But the Portuguese also organized overland journeys like Pero da Covilha and Afonso de Pavia, in 1487 began their journey by land, throughout Europe and across the Arabian peninsula, reached Goa and Calicut in India.
In 1470 and 1471 Joao de Santarem and Pero Escobar came to the Gulf of Guinea.
Ruy de Sequeira crossed the Ecuador in 1471, and the German cartographer Martin Behaim, serving the Portuguese crown, swept the coast of Africa to draw new maps of the continent.
In 1472 Fernao do Poo arrived in Guinea and visit the island of Bioko.
Since 1481, King Alfonso died, his successor John II continues the expeditions, Diego Acambaya and Diogo Cao traveled along the coast of Guinea to the Congo.
Diogo Cao in 1482 sailed up the Congo river to the first cataract.
But the Portuguese also organized overland journeys like Pero da Covilha and Afonso de Pavia, in 1487 began their journey by land, throughout Europe and across the Arabian peninsula, reached Goa and Calicut in India.
In 1487 Bartolomeu Dias in command of three ships went to the Africa coast, and after suffering a major storm, sailed beyond the southern tip of the continent, putting it the name of "Cabo Tormentoso", which after was called Good Hope. They had finally reached the end of the continent, and could thence, hitting the road east toward India and the Moluccas.
Vasco de Gama accompanied by Bartolomeu Dias with four ships and 150 men left Lisbon on July 8th, 1487, bound for Africa, reached the Cape of Good Hope after five months at sea. The fleet arrived in Mozambique on March and heading up the east coast of the continent, arrived in Mombasa, where found people with white cotton clothes, that handled sailing sloops to cross the sea, and speaking Arabic.
From little further north in Malindi on the coast of Kenya, an Arabic navigator named Bi Ahmad Majid, helped them cross the Indian Ocean and reached Calicut, where they anchored in May.
Back in Lisbon Vasco de Gama was acclaimed and rewarded for his discoveries. Since then, subsequent travels were authentic military expeditions in order to establish forts and conquer the territories discovered.
Vasco de Gama still made two more trips to Goa and Cochin.
King Manuel I of Portugal, secretly commissioned Duarte Pacheco Pereira in 1498 to cross the Atlantic to the new land of America, before ending this year Duarte arrived somewhere between the Marañon and Para in the Brazilian coast, from there continued to the mouth of the Amazon.
With regard to the further discoveries in the new continent, Pedro Cabral with ten rattles, three ships and 1,300 men, left Lisbon on March 9th, 1500, and pushed by storms, reached the current state of Bahia in Brazil in May, crossed the Atlantic again, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, thence to Mozambique and finally to the Indian continent, who had already discovered Vasco de Gama.
Meanwhile in the North Atlantic Gaspar de Corte Real came to the coast of Newfoundland in 1500.
Fernando de Norohha an island off the coast of Brasil, was possibly discovered in 1500 by Gaspar de Lemos, who was in command of one of the ships of the expedition of Pedro Cabral, and it was some years after when Fernao de Noronha saw the island that bears his name.
There were also dramatic discoveries, the April 20th, 1511 San Pedro caravel commanded by Manuel de Castro wrecked on the dangerous rocky islets of San Pablo and San Pedro in mid-Atlantic.
Tristao da Cunha in 1506 discovered the archipelago that bear his name in the South Atlantic and also the island of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.
Afonso Albuquerque, Antonio Abreu and Francisco Serrao explored lands and seas beyond India, arrived in Malacca, the Moluccas islands where they picked up the priced species and Gomes Sequeira on 1525 even went further to the Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Other Portuguese expeditions explored the world serving the Spanish crown, was also Portuguese Fernao de Magallahes Admiral, which started the expedition around the world, completed later by Juan Sebastian Elcano.
Portuguese were Pedro Fernandes de Queiroz and Luis Vaez de Torres, who in 1605 crossed the Pacific Ocean to reach the New Hebrides, now archipelago of Vanuatu, Torres continued later to the south coast of New Guinea to spot the northern coast of Australia.
The epic of the Portuguese navigators could have been much higher, the big mistake of King John was to ignore the proposal of Christopher Columbus, The Admiral had gone to Lisbon before offering their services to the Spanish crown, but the king did not heed to your project, others say the king secretly sent a vessel to cross the ocean without success, this plans, discredited the proposition of Columbus.
The world would have been Portuguese, if that day of 1484, when Columbus met with King John I, the admiral's plans had been accepted.
There were also dramatic discoveries, the April 20th, 1511 San Pedro caravel commanded by Manuel de Castro wrecked on the dangerous rocky islets of San Pablo and San Pedro in mid-Atlantic.
Tristao da Cunha in 1506 discovered the archipelago that bear his name in the South Atlantic and also the island of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.
Afonso Albuquerque, Antonio Abreu and Francisco Serrao explored lands and seas beyond India, arrived in Malacca, the Moluccas islands where they picked up the priced species and Gomes Sequeira on 1525 even went further to the Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Other Portuguese expeditions explored the world serving the Spanish crown, was also Portuguese Fernao de Magallahes Admiral, which started the expedition around the world, completed later by Juan Sebastian Elcano.
Portuguese were Pedro Fernandes de Queiroz and Luis Vaez de Torres, who in 1605 crossed the Pacific Ocean to reach the New Hebrides, now archipelago of Vanuatu, Torres continued later to the south coast of New Guinea to spot the northern coast of Australia.
The epic of the Portuguese navigators could have been much higher, the big mistake of King John was to ignore the proposal of Christopher Columbus, The Admiral had gone to Lisbon before offering their services to the Spanish crown, but the king did not heed to your project, others say the king secretly sent a vessel to cross the ocean without success, this plans, discredited the proposition of Columbus.
The world would have been Portuguese, if that day of 1484, when Columbus met with King John I, the admiral's plans had been accepted.
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